WITHOUT SECURITY ,PEACE COULD  NOT LAST A DAY

a paper that will earn me a trip wauuuhhhhh...........

Human security is community centered and its focus shifts to shielding individuals. The important dimensions are to entail the interests of individuals and ordinary people’s needs in dealing with sources of threats. It also empowers citizens and societies as a means of safekeeping.

Ideally some African countries have been in the forefront with regard to immense violations of threats to human security with major causes being due to social, political, economic, military, environmental and cultural conditions amongst others. For instance countries like Sudan, Rwanda, Liberia, Libya, Uganda, Somalia and Kenya among others have clearly shown instances in which threats have occurred and this has facilitated in breach of fundamental human rights towards the citizens.

The paper will aim to commence and show in detail what causes these threats  and will pay attention to the state actors like the police, and other non-legal bodies from different jurisdictions for instance in Uganda the kony wars, the mungiki from Kenya, interahamwe from Rwanda,  the Janjaweed from Sudan, the Al shabaab and many others. In this regard the paper will put across the sad reality of learning lessons on paper with the blood of the innocent who will never be brought back even with flawlessly established institutions which come after the fact. The other issue to be addressed herein is broader involvement of different non state actors viz regional and international organizations like the UN Security council, NGOs and local communities.

Having concisely looked at the situation in Kenya, prior to and during the post election violence in 2007,this paper will focus on whether the conflicts was prompted more by the tribal differences, lack of legal rules or lack of their adherence to actual incomprehensible hatred for one particular victim group. The paper will further illustrate the situation in countries like the 1994 Rwanda genocide and pay close attention to the insight behind the massacre.

The paper will proceed to show the role of judicial bodies to such massive violations of human rights and will pay close attention to the regional and international bodies in particular the ICC, the ACHR, the ICTR and also ICTY and show what jurisprudence emerged from such institutions with regard to contributions made in repressing human security together with the applicability of common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions 1949. Further it will show response of the domestic courts like the Gacaca courts, Truth Commissions, the Kenyan courts amongst others on the triumphs, challenges or their lack in addressing the conflicts and pursuing justice to the victims thereof. Also it will be crucial to look at the specific jurisprudential link that the Truth Commissions have in the achievement of restorative justice and particularly within the African civilization. In addition the paper will look at the response from the universal jurisdiction on the achievable goals of declining individual vulnerability to violent.

The conclusion will look at the achievement of the laws suppressing threats to human security and their effectiveness.